I-polyurethane foam (PU foam) yinto ebalulekileyo kumashishini amaninzi, kuquka ulwakhiwo, ukwenziwa kweemoto, ukupakisha, kunye nokufakelwa kwe-insulation. Inkqubo yokwenziwa kwe-PU foam ibandakanya ukusabela kwe-polyols kunye ne-isocyanates, kwaye ii-catalysts zilawula izinga lokusabela, ukuziphatha kwe-foam, kunye nolwakhiwo lwe-foam.Iikhatalyst zePolyurethaneEzifana ne-MXC-37 (DMAEE) zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwezi zicelo, ziphucula iipropati zefoam kwaye ziphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso. Eli nqaku liza kwazisa iindawo zokusetyenziswa kwefoam ye-PU kwaye lichaze indlela yokwenziwa kwefoam, ligxile kwindima ye-MXC-37.
Ukusetyenziswa kwePolyurethane Foam
I-polyurethane foam isetyenziswa kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa kwayo ngenxa yeendlela ezininzi zokusetyenziswa kwayo, ezifana nokugcina ubushushu obuphezulu, ukufunxwa koxinzelelo, kunye neempawu ezilula. Iindidi ezimbini eziphambili ze-polyurethane foam, i-rigid foam kunye ne-flexible foam, ziyahlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zoshishino.
I-polyurethane foam eqinileyo: Ifoam ye-polyurethane eqinileyo isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizicelo zokukhusela ubushushu. Ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezintle zokukhusela ubushushu, idla ngokusetyenziswa ekwakheni izakhiwo, iifriji, iifriji, iiyunithi zokugcina izinto ezibandayo, kunye nokuthutha iimpahla ezinobungcipheko kubushushu. Iifoam eziqinileyo zihlala zineeseli ezivaliweyo, ezizinceda zigcine amandla azo, ukuqina, kunye neempawu zokukhusela ubushushu.
Ifoam ye-polyurethane eguquguqukayo: I-foam ye-polyurethane eguquguqukayo isetyenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni oomatrasi, ii-cushion, izihlalo zeemoto, kunye nokufakelwa kobushushu kwiipayipi kunye neetanki. Inika intuthuzelo, inkxaso, kunye nokufunxa isandi okugqwesileyo, okwenza ukuba ibe lukhetho oludumileyo kwishishini lefenitshala kunye neemoto.
Iifoam ezikhethekileyo: Iifoam zepolyurethane zingasetyenziswa nakwiindlela ezikhethekileyo, ezifana nokuveliswa kweefoam ze-microcellular, ii-elastomers, kunye nezixhobo zokupakisha zefoam eqinileyo. Ezi foam zineempawu ezikhethekileyo ezihlangabezana neemfuno ezithile ezifana nokuqina okuphezulu, ukuguquguquka, kunye nokunciphisa ubunzima.
Indlela Yokwenza I-Polyurethane Foam
Inkqubo yokwenziwa kwefoam ye-polyurethane ibandakanya impendulo phakathi kwe-polyols kunye ne-isocyanates, encediswa zii-catalysts, ii-blowing agents, kunye neziqinisi. Le mpendulo ivelisa i-polymer matrix kunye namaqamza egesi, nto leyo ephumela kwisakhiwo esinefoam. Indlela esetyenziswa ngayo le fom inokwahlulwa ibe kukwenziwa kwefoam evulekileyo kunye nefoam evaliweyo.
1. Ukwenziwa kweFoam eVulekileyo
Ifoam evulekileyo iyenzeka xa amaqamza enziwa ngexesha lenkqubo yokufutha ephuka ngenxa yoxinzelelo lwegesi oluphezulu ngaphakathi kweqamza. Xa uxinzelelo olungaphakathi kwamaqamza lusanda, iindonga zamaqamza, ezenziwe yi-gel reaction, zihlala zingenawo amandla okumelana noxinzelelo lwegesi lwangaphakathi. Oku kukhokelela ekuqhekekeni nasekukhutshweni kwegesi kwiqamza. Ngenxa yoko, isakhiwo sefoam siba yi-open-cell.
Ukwakheka kwefoam evulekileyo kuchaphazeleka kakhulu yisantya sokujikeleza kunye namandla eendonga zepolymer. Ipesenti yeeseli ezivulekileyo kwifoam inempembelelo enkulu kwiimpawu zezinto. Umzekelo, umxholo ophezulu weeseli ezivulekileyo unokunyusa ukungena komswakama, unciphise iimpawu zokuthintela ukugquma, kwaye uchaphazele uzinzo lobukhulu befoam. Kwiifoam ezininzi eziqinileyo, umxholo weeseli ezivulekileyo uphantsi kakhulu, ngesiqhelo phakathi kwe-5% kunye ne-10%, kunye ne-90% eseleyo ukuya kwi-95% equka iiseli ezivaliweyo.
2. Ukwakheka kweFoam yeeSeli eziValiweyo
Iifoam zeseli ezivaliweyo zibonakaliswa bulwakhiwo lwazo oluxineneyo nolufanayo lweeseli, apho igesi ivaleleke ngaphakathi kweeseli, nto leyo eyenza ifoam eqinileyo neqinileyo. Isantya sejeli kwiinkqubo zefoam zeseli ezivaliweyo sidla ngokuba sikhawuleza, sincediswa ziipolyols zepolyether ezinemisebenzi emininzi, ezinobunzima obuphantsi beemolekyuli kunye neepolyisocyanates. Ezi nkqubo zisabela ngokukhawuleza ziqinisekisa ukuba igesi engaphakathi kwamaqamza ayinalo ixesha lokuphuma ngaphambi kokuba ifoam iqine, nto leyo ebangela ukuba isakhiwo sefoam silawulwe ziiseli ezivaliweyo.
Iifoam ze-polyurethane eziqinileyo ezivaliweyo zibonelela ngobushushu obungcono kwaye zihlala zisetyenziswa kumashishini afana nokwakha, apho iimpawu zobushushu zibaluleke kakhulu. Zikwasetyenziswa nakwiindawo zokugcina izinto ezibandayo ngenxa yokuba zikwazi ukugcina ubushushu kwaye zixhathise ukungena komswakama.
Indima kaI-MXC-37 (i-DMAEE)kwimveliso yePolyurethane Foam
I-MXC-37, ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-DMAEE (Dimethylaminoethoxyethanol), sisithako se-amine esingenawo ukukhupha umoya, esingenavumba liphantsi esisetyenziswa kakhulu ekuveliseni amagwebu e-polyurethane. Umsebenzi wayo wokukhupha amagwebu aphezulu wenza ukuba ifaneleke ngakumbi kwiifomyula ezinomthamo wamanzi amaninzi, njenge-polyurethane foam (SPF) ene-porous spray ene-water-foam exineneyo nengenawo uxinano.
I-MXC-37 isebenza njengesixhobo esikhawulezisa ukusabela kwe-isocyanate-polyol, ikhuthaza ukwakheka kwesakhiwo se-foam. Enye yeenzuzo eziphambili ze-MXC-37 kukukwazi kwayo ukunciphisa okanye ukuphelisa ivumba eliqhelekileyo le-amine elidla ngokunxulunyaniswa nokuveliswa kwe-polyurethane foam. Oku kuyenza ilungele ukusetyenziswa apho ukulawula ivumba kubalulekile, njengakwi-insulation yokuhlala nakwimizi-mveliso.
Ukongeza kwindima yayo njenge-catalyst eyintloko, i-MXC-37 ingasetyenziswa njenge-co-catalyst kunye nezinye ii-catalysts ze-amine, ezifana ne-BDMAEE, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-reaction. Ngokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwee-amines ezinamandla, i-MXC-37 inceda ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa, okwenza kube lukhetho olunobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo kwimveliso ye-polyurethane foam.
I-MXC-37 isetyenziswa kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezicelo zefoam, kuquka:
- Amagwebu athambileyo asekelwe kwi-Ester stabilizer: Kwizicelo ezifuna amagwebu athambileyo naguquguqukayo.
- Iifoam ze-microcellular: Ukuze kulawulwe ngokuchanekileyo isakhiwo sefoam.
- Ii-Elastomers kunye ne-RIM: Kwimveliso yezinto ezithambileyo nezihlala ixesha elide zefoam.
- Ukupakisha okuqinileyo kwefoam: Kwizicelo ezifuna amandla aphezulu oomatshini kunye nobushushu obuphezulu.
Isiphelo
I-polyurethane foam yinto esebenziseka lula kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu esetyenziswa kumashishini amaninzi ngenxa yobushushu bayo obugqwesileyo, ukunyibilikisa ukungcangcazela kunye neempawu ezinokwenziwa ngokwezifiso. Ii-catalysts ezifana ne-MXC-37 zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuvelisweni kwe-polyurethane foam njengoko zinceda ukulawula inkqubo yokufutha, ukuphucula ukusebenza kwemveliso kunye nokunciphisa ivumba elingathandekiyo kunye nokukhutshwa komoya. Ukuqonda iindlela ezisemva kokwenziwa kwamafutha, nokuba avulelekile okanye avaliweyo, kwenza abavelisi bakwazi ukulungelelanisa iimveliso ngokweemfuno ezithile, ukusuka kwizixhobo zokufutha ukuya kumafutha akhethekileyo kumashishini ahlukeneyo.
Ixesha leposi: Februwari-24-2025